GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT LIKELY TO DEFORM A TUBING AFTER THE INJECTION OF HYDRAULIC FRACTURES

专利摘要:
The present invention relates to an exemplary method for identifying geological zones in a formation that are capable of deforming a casing, the method comprising performing hydraulic fracturing along a portion of a cased wellbore . The method includes recording the microseismic activity occurring within a first threshold distance of the wellbore and establishing stresses on wellbore casing at one or more locations. The method further includes determining, based on recorded microseismic activity and casing stresses, whether a geologic area within the formation within a second threshold distance of the wellbore is subject to relaxation. formation or shear slip.
公开号:FR3053723A1
申请号:FR1756402
申请日:2017-07-06
公开日:2018-01-12
发明作者:Vivek Sharma；Mike Navarette
申请人:Halliburton Energy Services Inc；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

Title: Geological environment likely to deform a casing after the injection of hydraulic fractures
Context of the invention
When drilling oil and gas wells, steel tubing or tubing is usually installed in the open wellbore in order to provide stability to the walls of the wellbore passing through the formation and to isolate and seal the fluid areas of the formation relative to each other. Typically, the tubing is cemented in place to bond the tubing to the wall of the wellbore. Subsequently, for unconventional reservoirs, various production techniques can be used to extract the hydrocarbons from the formation. Unconventional tanks are essentially tanks that require special recovery operations outside of conventional operating practices. Unconventional reservoirs include reservoirs such as compact gas sands, gas and oil shales, coal gas, oil and heavy oil sands, and gas hydrate deposits. These reservoirs need energetic recovery solutions, such as stimulation treatments, water vapor injection or hydraulic fracturing. During the hydraulic fracturing operation, millions of gallons of water, sand and chemicals can be pumped underground to break up the rock and release the gas. For example, a pump truck can inject millions of gallons of water, sand and chemicals at high pressure down through the horizontally drilled well up to 10,000 feet below the surface of the Earth .
One phenomenon that can be encountered in association with hydraulic fracturing is casing deformation, the casing installed from the wellbore being strangled, ruptured or otherwise altered. Casing deformation can result in loss of pressure integrity of the well. Casing deformation can also inhibit the passage of tools and equipment through the casing deformation area, which can result in abandoning the wellbore or restarting drilling after hydraulic fracturing. Most solutions to tubing deformation focus on increasing tubing resistance and changing the processing pressure during hydraulic fracturing and have so far had a low success rate. Geomechanical engineers studied the causes of casing deformation to better understand how to prevent them. Previous approaches to solving casing deformation due to hydraulic fracturing have involved the study of rock geomechanics, pump flow rates during hydraulic fracturing and the impact of pressure on casing. For example, many geomechanical engineers have concluded that the pumping pressure at which the mixture is injected into the wellbore must remain in a pumping window or at a particular pressure level. However, it can be difficult to maintain the pumping pressure in a pumping window or at a particular pressure level because some wells are difficult to break and fracture hydraulically. As a result, the particular pumping window or pressure level may not provide the result necessary to successfully conduct hydraulic fracturing on the wellbore.
Brief description of the drawings
The various embodiments of the present disclosure will be better understood on reading the detailed description given below and from the appended drawings of the various embodiments of the disclosure. In the drawings, like reference numbers may indicate like or functionally similar items.
Figure 1 illustrates an offshore production system with a deviated wellbore subjected to plane fracturing.
Figure 2 illustrates part of the deviated well of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary computer system in which embodiments can be implemented.
FIG. 4 is a process diagram of an example of a method for identifying geological zones in a formation which are capable of deforming casing according to one or more embodiments.
FIG. 5 is a process diagram of an exemplary method making it possible to attenuate the deformation of a casing according to one or more embodiments.
Figures 6A to 6F are illustrations of hydraulic fracturing at different stages.
detailed description
The disclosure may repeat reference numbers and / or letters in the various examples or figures. This repetition for the sake of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or the various configurations discussed. In addition, space terms, such as under, below, lower, above, upper, top of well, bottom of well and the like, may be used in this document to facilitate description in order to describe the relationship of an element or characteristic with one or more other elements or characteristics as illustrated, the upward direction being towards the top of the corresponding figure and the downward direction being towards the bottom of the corresponding figure, the upward direction of a well being towards the surface of the wellbore, the downward direction of a well being towards the top of the wellbore. Unless otherwise indicated, the terms relating to space are intended to encompass different orientations of the apparatus in use or in operation in addition to the orientation shown in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is returned, the elements described as being "below" or "under" other elements or characteristics will be oriented "above" the other elements or characteristics. Therefore, the term "below" exemplified may include both an orientation above and below. The device can be oriented differently (rotated 90 degrees or in other directions) and the space descriptors used in this document can also be interpreted accordingly.
In addition, even if a figure may represent a horizontal wellbore or a vertical wellbore, unless otherwise indicated, those skilled in the art should understand that the apparatus according to the present disclosure is also well suited for use in wells drilling having other orientations, such as vertical drilling wells, deviated drilling wells, multilateral drilling wells or the like. Likewise, unless otherwise indicated, even if a figure may represent an operation at sea, those skilled in the art should understand that the apparatus according to the present disclosure is also well suited for use in shore operations and vice versa. In addition, unless otherwise indicated, even if a figure may represent a cased hole, those skilled in the art should understand that the apparatus according to the present disclosure is also well suited for use in open hole operations.
As used in this detailed description, the term primary wellbore may refer to any wellbore from which another wellbore intersecting it has been drilled or is to be drilled thereafter, while the term secondary wellbore may refer to any laterally drilled well extending from (crossing) that primary wellbore. Therefore, in a multilateral well system, the initial wellbore drilled from the surface will invariably be the primary wellbore relative to one or more wells intersecting and drilled therefrom, which are secondary boreholes relative to the initial wellbore drilled from the surface. Each secondary wellbore can then itself become the "primary" wellbore compared to any other ("secondary") wellbore drilled from it.
It has been observed that the deformation of a casing during hydraulic fracturing is frequent in regions with tectonic activity in the world, such as in Asia-Pacific (China, Australia), in the Middle East (Saudi Arabia), in South America (Colombia, Brazil,
Argentina) and North America (USA). More specifically, casing deformation occurs in a geological environment where the vertical stress component is not the maximum stress value, which allows the generation of plane fractures when the wells are subjected to hydraulic fracturing. In these types of geological environments where plane fractures are present, a formation relaxation, which occurs immediately after the hydraulic fracturing treatment, can impose point loads on the casing, resulting in leftism, deformation and / or shear. Consequently, in the foregoing, methods and systems are described which analyze the relaxation of a formation with the aim of predicting a point load which can cause tubing deformation, thereby enabling prophylactic measures to be taken during the planning and installation of wells in such tectonic regions.
Casing deformation can refer to the change in shape of the casing in a wellbore. Due to the deformed shape, it is difficult to get tools or equipment through the damaged section of the wellbore. The extent of the deformation of a casing can be measured by passing a multi-arm caster diameter, a printing block or a device for obtaining an ultrasound image by scanning through the wellbore.
Shear slip is a property of a formation which can occur when there is an increase in pore pressure due to the injection of pressurized fluid into tectonically unstable regions created by a movement of plates giving rise to small stress disturbances in faults or fractures subjected to critical stress. Localized shear sliding may exhibit activity on microseismic sensors. Significant shear slip over a large fault can be detected by surface seismographs. For example, an earthquake due to the injection of wastewater is a form of shear sliding on faults. Shear sliding is an intrinsic property of a formation similar to the relaxation of a formation. Geological conditions which may give the above may include reverse / overlapping fault regions as well as boundary / straddle fault regions.
Whatever the situation, as described in this document, it may be advantageous to determine whether a geological area in the formation within a threshold distance from a wellbore is subject to formation relaxation or slippage by shearing which could damage the casing and the wellbore. This information can provide builders with more information about the wellbore and whether geological areas in the formation are likely to deform a casing, allowing mitigation measures to be taken before drilling the wellbore. . Mitigation can be applied to both casing deformation and shear slip if the wellbore is drilled in places where shear slip is likely, such as in critical stress faults and fractures.
As can be seen in Figure 1, there is shown a partial still cross-sectional elevation view of a wellbore drilling and production system 10 used to produce hydrocarbons from the wellbore 12 extending through various layers terrestrial in an oil and gas formation 14 located below the terrestrial surface 16. The wellbore 12 may be a primary wellbore and may include one or more secondary wellbores 12a, 12b, ..., 12n, extending into formation 14, and arranged in any orientation and spacing, like the horizontal secondary drilling wells 12a, 12b illustrated.
The drilling and production system 10 may include a drilling platform or derrick 20. The drilling platform 20 may include a hoist 22, a movable block 24, and an injection head 26 for raising and lower a casing, a liner, a drill pipe, a work column, a spiral tube, a production tube (including a production jacket and production tubing), and / or other types of tubes or production tubing collectively referred to herein as production tubing 30, or other types of transport vehicles, such as a cable line, a smooth cable or a cable. The production tube 30 may be a working column or a substantially tubular production tubing extending axially, formed by a plurality of tube junctions coupled together at their end supporting a completion assembly as described below.
The drilling platform 20 can be located near a wellhead 40 (as in a system located on the ground, not shown), or separate from a wellhead 40, as in the case of an installation at sea as shown in Figure 1. One or more pressure regulating devices 42, such as obturator blocks (BOPs), and other equipment associated with drilling or producing a wellbore can be provided to the wellhead level 40 or elsewhere in system 10.
For offshore operations, as shown in Figure 1, whether for drilling or production, the drilling platform 20 can be mounted on an oil or gas platform 44, such as the platform in the illustrated sea, semi-submersibles, drilling vessels, and the like (not shown). Although it is the system 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 is a production system based at sea, it can also be a production system based on land. Whatever the situation, for sea-based systems, one or more subsea pipes or risers 46 extend from the deck 50 of the platform 44 towards an underwater wellhead 40. The tube production 30 extends downward from the drilling platform 20, through the subsea pipe 46 and the BOP 42 into the wellbore 12.
A source of working or service fluid 52, such as a tank or storage container, can provide working fluid 54 pumped to the upper end of the production tube 30 and flowing through the production tube 30. The working fluid source 52 can provide any fluid used in the operations of a wellbore such as, but not limited to, a drilling fluid, a cement suspension, an acidifying fluid, liquid water, steam, hydraulic fracturing fluid, propane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide or certain other types of fluid.
The wellbore 12 can include underground equipment 56 placed inside, such as for example a work column with tools carried on the work column, a completion column and completion equipment or certain other types of tools. or wellbore equipment.
The drilling and wellbore production system 10 can generally be characterized in that it has a tube system 58. In the context of the present disclosure, the tube system 58 can comprise a casing, risers, tubes, drilling rigs, completion or production tubes, double female fittings, heads or any other pipe, tube or equipment that attaches to the above, such as tube 30 and line 46 , as well as primary and secondary wells in which pipes, tubing and columns can be deployed. In this regard, the tube system 58 may include one or more casing trains 60 which can be cemented in the wellbore 12, like the surface, intermediate and external casings 60 shown in Figure 1. An annular space 62 is formed between the walls of sets of adjacent tubular components, such as the concentric casing trains 60 or the outside of the production tube 30 and the internal wall of the wellbore 12 or the casing train 60, as the case may be.
The wellbore 12 is generally constructed from one or more boreholes 63 drilled in the formation 14. Each cased borehole 63 will comprise a casing train 60 cemented in place, the cement forming a cement sheath 65 between the wall of the borehole 63 and the casing train 60. The casing train 60 may include openings 67 formed in the casing train 60 when perforations 69 are formed in formation 14. Each perforation 69 may comprise a network of fractures 71 extending from the perforation 69. In certain formations as illustrated in FIG. 1, the network of fractures is generally of planar shape because it radiates from the wellbore 12.
As can be seen in FIG. 1, the underground equipment 56 is illustrated in the form of completion equipment and the production tube 30 in fluid communication with completion equipment 56 is illustrated in the form of a production tube 30. Completion equipment 56 is disposed in a substantially horizontal portion of wellbore 12, which includes a lower completion assembly 82 with various tools such as an orientation and alignment subset 84, a gasket 86, a sand control screen assembly 88, a gasket 90, a sand control screen assembly 92, a gasket 94, a sand control screen assembly 96 and a seal 98. The lower completion assembly 82 is generally positioned in the wellbore 12 so as to be adjacent to the perforations 69 and, in particular, the assemblies sand control screen 88, 92, 96 are positioned near the perforations 69.
One or more control lines 100, extending at the bottom of the well from the lower completion assembly 82, pass through the seals 86, 90, 94 and can be functionally associated with one or more devices 102 associated with the lower completion assembly 82. The control lines 100 may include hydraulic lines, electric lines, optical lines, etc. The cable devices 102 can be electrical or optical devices, such as sensors, positioned at the bottom of the hole. The devices 102 can be sensors used to collect data and / or control devices or actuators used to operate downhole tools or fluid flow control devices. The cable 100 can serve as a communication medium, for transmitting energy, or data and the like between the lower completion assembly 82 and the upper completion assembly 104. Data and other information can be communicated to the by means of electrical signals, optical signals, acoustic signals or other telemetry which can be converted into electrical signals at platform 20 to, inter alia, monitor environmental conditions and various tools in the environment 'lower completion set 82 or another column of tools.
In this regard, an upper completion assembly 104 is disposed in the wellbore 12 at the lower end of the production tube 30, comprising various tools, such as a seal 106, an expansion joint 108, a seal 110, a fluid flow regulation module 112 and a set of anchors 114.
One or more control lines 116, such as a hydraulic tube, a sensor cable, or an electrical cable, extend up the hole from the top completion assembly 104 to the surface 16. The cable 116 can be used as a communication medium for transmitting energy, signals or data and the like between a surface control device 121 and the upper and lower completion assemblies 104, 82, respectively.
The fluids, cuttings and other debris returning to the surface 16 from the wellbore 12 are directed by a flow line 118 to storage tanks 52 and / or treatment systems 120, such as shakers, centrifuges and the like.
As can be seen in Figure 2, a part of a deviated wellbore 12 which was perforated and subjected to hydraulic fracturing is illustrated in detail. During the hydraulic fracturing process, millions of gallons of water, sand and chemicals can be pumped underground to break up rock and release gas. For example, a pumping system (not shown) can inject millions of gallons of water, sand and chemicals at high pressure down and through the horizontally drilled well up to 10,000 feet below the surface 16 The pressurized mixture can crack the layer of rock 75 surrounding the wellbore 12, forming fractures 71, said fractures 71 being able to be kept open by means of the sand particles so that the natural gas can rise to the top of the well.
The casing 60 is shown deployed in the wellbore 63 drilled in formation 14. The attachment of the casing 60 in the wellbore 63 is a cement sheath 65 surrounding the casing 60. The openings 67 are illustrated as having been formed in the tubing 60 adjacent to flow control screen assemblies 88 (eg, through the perforation process). The seals 86, 90, 94, 98 are deployed between the flow control screen assemblies 88 to establish separate production zones. The perforations 69 are formed adjacent to the openings 67 and extend radially outwards through the cement sheath 65 in the formation 14. Fractures 71 extending from the perforation 69 are obtained after the hydraulic fracturing process. In Figure 2, the wellbore 12 is illustrated as passing through an area of the formation 14 which is highly compressive in nature, as can be found in the tectonic regions. As such, it will be understood that the fractures 71 are planar in nature, as illustrated. Consequently, after hydraulic fracturing, when the formation relaxes in the overloaded zone immediately adjacent to the perforations 69, said zone being generally designated by zone 73 in FIG. 2, point stresses on the casing 60 and / or the cement sheath 65 may appear, which results in a deformation of the casing. After hydraulic fracturing is carried out on the cased wellbore, the formation loosens and the load is applied downwards to the horizontal wellbore.
Geological areas that undergo active movements of the Earth may be able to deform casing or induce stresses in well casings, particularly areas in which hydraulic fracturing operations have been carried out. Therefore in embodiments of the disclosure, the geological areas in a formation which are likely to deform a casing are identified. The main cause of tubing deformation can be confirmed by analysis of microseismic events (monitored during and after hydraulic fracturing operations), alone or in combination with other data, such as fracturing treatment data. hydraulics, casing specifications, analysis of geomechanical one-dimensional (ID) constraints, 3-D finite element modeling of the region near a wellbore, and the geological environment.
Once it has been determined that the main cause of tubing deformation is the result of a highly active geological environment (as evidenced by the presence of a certain degree of microseismic events), the techniques disclosed in this document can be used to mitigate or resolve the deformation of casing in such areas. For example, the drilling plan can be modified for one or more wells to be drilled within a threshold distance from the geological area that has been identified as likely to deform a casing.
For geological areas with overlapping faults, very high pump pressure is required to induce fracture in the formation compared to conventional pump pressures for fracturing operations. These high pressures can have an over-compression effect on the pore pressure in the region near the wellbore. Two dominant effects can occur due to such an increase in pore pressure. A first effect of this high pore pressure can reduce the effective stress, by causing a slip on faults which are not subjected to critical stresses. Such faults can slip slowly over a long period of time even after pumping stops. A second effect can result in relaxation of the formation after the pressure is released. In such a process, the deformed rock may slip and be unable to maintain its integrity around the wellbore region. The resulting strapping failure around the wellbore can cause the formation to collapse on the casing.
Therefore, in areas of tectonic compression, deformation of a casing can occur when the formation loosens or there is a slip on the faults. The relaxation of a formation or a shear slip when a fracture is closed can cause microseismic events, i.e. seismic events giving seismic signals which are locally restricted around the fracture zone , that is to say "microseismic signals". This micro-seismicity is generated due to shear sliding of the rock. In the case of the fracture, opening and closing are very slow activities and, for this reason, they cannot generate a seismic signal which gives rise to microseisms under normal conditions. The pump pressures that are generated during hydraulic fracturing of a formation in reverse / overlapping fault zones can be very high. These high pressures can tend to cause the sliding of faults / fractures subjected to less critical stresses. During normal ίο faults, faults / fractures under critical stress can slip, as in the case of water injection wells. In this case, relatively stable faults and fractures may tend to slip due to high injection pressure. These relatively stable faults and fractures can exhibit slow sliding and can be observed on microseisms after the pumps have stopped.
There is a relationship between the appearance of flat fractures around the wellbore resulting from hydraulic fracturing and the point loads on the casing of the wellbore when the formation relaxes. For tectonically relaxed areas characterized by normal faulting, the smallest constraint should be horizontal; the fractures produced are substantially vertical, and the injection pressure is lower than that of overcompression. In this example, the underlying formation is subjected to a stress overload which is higher than the other horizontal constraints. In areas of active tectonic compression, the smallest stress should be vertical and equal to the pressure of the supercompression; fractures should be horizontal, and injection pressures should be greater than or equal to the pressure of the supercompression. If the horizontal stresses are higher than the vertical stresses, plane fractures, which cause point loads and therefore the deformation of a casing, can appear. It is understood that, although the description mainly focuses on fractures which propagate horizontally, the relaxation of a formation may refer to cases in which the fractures which are propagated are horizontal. Whatever the situation, fractures 71 which are planar in nature may indicate that the surrounding geological area is technically active and subject to formation relaxation.
Although the disclosure focuses on the analysis of microseismic activity at places of interest in a formation, in some embodiments, it is beneficial to review the parameters of well construction (for example, the casing of the wellbore, the condition of the casing, etc.) and to ensure that the deformation of the casing is not associated with the construction of the well. By examining the design of the wellbore and determining that the design has minimal impact on the observed casing deformation, the probability that the casing deformation is associated with the geological event, i.e. activity microseismic, is higher. Therefore, in some embodiments, it is desirable to analyze boreholes in a formation where casing deformation has occurred in order to predict where casing deformation is likely to occur in the existing formation or in formations with similar geological composition and conditions. For example, wells that have undergone casing deformation or have collapsed after hydraulic fracturing treatment can be identified, and the field datasets for these wells can be analyzed.
In one or more embodiments, after the analysis of the microseismic activity, a three-dimensional (3-D) geomechanical model can be developed to understand the constraints existing in the geographic area and predict the areas where a casing deformation can potentially happen. The geomechanical properties of the geographic area can be determined based on image recording, four-arm diameter recording, overall seismic activity in the geographic area, and even problems that the structures encountered in The area. A model can be created to establish the constraint regime within the geographic area. Indications of highly compressive regimes are areas that are susceptible to damage to casing after hydraulic treatment. This is especially true when errors can appear when installing the casing, especially in deep wells.
More specifically, the possibility of plane fracturing can be predicted with respect to the surrounding geological area using locally placed seismic sensors (such as geophones, accelerometers or equivalent) to identify microseismic events. It will be understood that after hydraulic fracturing operations, when the fractures begin to close, the wells may continue to emit microseismic events after the hydraulic fracturing. For example, in FIG. 2, after the implementation of hydraulic fracturing along part of a cased wellbore 12, sensors 102 positioned locally near a fractured part of the formation can be used to record microseismic activity occurring within a first threshold distance (Yi) from the wellbore.
Microseismic monitoring can provide passive observation of very small-scale seismic events that occur in the soil due to hydraulic fracturing. Small-scale seismic events can be called microseismic events or microseisms and may be too small to be felt on the surface, but they can be detected by seismic sensors, such as geophones and accelerometers, which can be positioned locally in the formation, for example along a borehole drilled in the formation. These seismic sensors can detect microseismic signals generated by microseismic events.
Seismic sensors can be used to monitor stressed rock within the first threshold distance Y i of the wellbore 12. In some examples, seismic sensors are deployed in one or more wells 12 within the 14 and seismic sensors are used to monitor microseismic activity within formation 14. Microseismic recordings and the interpretation of hydraulic treatments provide a cloud of stress events (for example, microseisms) indicating to which point the surrounding rocks are disturbed by localized hydraulic fracturing. A first set of microseismic events can be measured before performing hydraulic fracturing. In addition, a second set of microseismic events can be measured after the start of hydraulic fracturing. Finally, in some embodiments, an additional set of microseismic events can be measured after the end of hydraulic fracturing. Microseismic monitoring can be used as a hydraulic post-fracturing tool to confirm the presence of formation relaxation.
In some examples, referring again to FIG. 1, before carrying out the hydraulic fracturing in the first horizontal wellbore 12a, seismic sensors 102 can be deployed in a second wellbore 12b to be subjected to hydraulic fracturing . The second wellbore is drilled less than the second threshold distance Y2 in the formation 14 near the wellbore 12. Seismic sensors 102 can be deployed in the second wellbore 12b in order to better know the geographic area surrounding the second wellbore 12b. By deploying seismic sensors along adjacent boreholes, production target areas with high potential for casing deformation after hydraulic fracturing can be identified before hydraulic fracturing.
Microseismic records can include the magnitude, location and timestamp of each microseismic event within a set of microseismic events, which can be interpreted relative to the location of the wellbore in order to establish the geological conditions and constraints that change around the wellbore 12 during and after the hydraulic treatments. In some examples, microseismic records can be distributed into categories based on a chronology based on the magnitude and location of the microseisms. Geological and stress conditions that change within a threshold distance Yi of wellbore 12 can be established based on the distributed set of microseismic events. A large amount of microseismic activity occurring after hydraulic fracturing can indicate relaxation of sufficiently close wellbore formation and / or slip over faults creating a high probability of casing deformation. Therefore, it may be advantageous to incorporate post-injection microseisms into geomechanical models to predict stresses in and around wellbore 12 after the fracturing treatment is completed.
The collection of microseismic event data, as well as the analysis and modeling using the data can be carried out using one or more processing and control systems 121 in communication with the sensors 102. The processing systems
121 may include any of the following: (a) a processor for executing or otherwise processing instructions, (b) one or more network interfaces (e.g., a circuit) for communication between the processor and other devices, these other devices possibly being located across a network; (c) a memory device (for example, a FLASH memory, a random access memory device (RAM) or a read-only memory device (ROM) for storing information (for example, instructions executed by the processor and data used by the processor in response to these instructions)). In some embodiments, the processing systems 121 may also include a separate computer readable medium operatively coupled to the processor for storing information and instructions, as described above. In some examples, the processing systems 121 include a memory which stores the microseismic activity occurring within a first threshold distance from a cased wellbore 12 and also include one or more processors in communication with the memory and serving to cause the system to record the microseismic activity occurring within the first threshold distance Yi of the wellbore after the implementation of hydraulic fracturing along part of the wellbore, establish the constraints on the casing of the wellbore at one or more locations, and determining, based on recorded microseismic activity and constraints on the casing, whether a geological area in the formation is within a second threshold distance Y2 from the wellbore is likely to be prone to training relaxation.
As noted above, although there may be a number of causes of tubing failure, in formations located in tectonically active regions, the probability that a tubing failure may be the result of 'A formation relaxation or a slip on faults, i.e. the displacement of a formation after an injection, increases. In some examples, the stresses can be established on the casing of the wellbore 60 at one or more locations. The constraints on the casing of the wellbore 60 can be established by taking account of the point loads, in particular for the compressive regimes, for example by carrying out a conventional load analysis or a three-dimensional (3-D) finite element modeling. The point loads can include the implementation of a load analysis or the implementation of an advanced mode on a 3-D finite element model. In some examples, a step-by-step incremental load is observed on the casing of the wellbore 60 and a deformation of the casing in response to the incremental load.
In some examples, the initial stress conditions for the casing 60 can be established. The overall load on the casing 60 can be determined and the part under tension or under compression can be identified. In one or more embodiments, the parameters of tensile strength and compressive load of the cement placed around the casing of the wellbore 60 can be evaluated to determine whether the cement is arranged to distribute the point load (as opposed to passing point load on the casing, potentially leading to deformation of the casing). For example, a cement is generally designed to take compressive loads and can be tested, for example, at 3000 to 5000 per square inch (psi). On the contrary, a test for tensile strength may fail in the range of 100 to 200 psi, which indicates that the cement has low tensile strength. It may be desirable to determine the loss of integrity of the cement sheath due to tensile failure during hydraulic fracturing. To do this, the effect of tensile loads on the cement sheath 65 during fracturing operations can be calculated.
It will be understood that in some cases, hydraulic fracturing can place the cement sheath 65 under tension, which can lead to premature rupture of part of the cement sheath 65. Once the cement sheath 65 has is broken (due to hydraulic fracturing) and that the formation subjected to hydraulic fracturing begins to relax, the casing no longer has the protection of the cement sheath. Instead, the cement can act as a conduit to transfer stresses from the supercharged environment, which induces point loads and causes the casing to rupture.
It may be desirable to take into account the compression and tensile loads on the cement sheath 65. In some embodiments, a compressive strength and a tensile strength of the cement disposed around the casing 60 are determined. Then, using the results of this determination, the probability of tubing deformation can be assessed. In this regard, a threshold degree of microseismic activity capable of subjecting a particular casing 60 to a deformation of casing can be determined on the basis of the construction parameters of the wellbore (such as the compressive strength and the tensile strength cement, the thickness of the casing itself, etc.), and then it can be determined whether the microseismic activity in the formation adjacent to the threshold degree of microseismic activity is greater than this threshold within the first threshold distance of the wellbore 12. A threshold for a microseismic activity will be given by the amplitude of the microseismic signal and the distance of the microseismic signal relative to the network of sensors. A microseismic event that correlates with tubing deformation can mean the energy dissipated during such an event.
In one or more embodiments, a stress imposed on the casing 60 during hydraulic fracturing is calculated. The calculated stress can include a thermal load on the casing 60. The thermal loads can modify the thermal stress or the elongation of the casing 60. If the casing 60 lengthens and there is not enough room for the casing 60 moves, the casing 60 can veil and enter a deformed state.
In addition, an effect of one or more loads imposed on the cement sheath 65 around the casing 60 during hydraulic fracturing can be calculated. The loads can result in tensile loads (for example, radial cracks), shear damage to the cement, internal or external peeling, and / or plastic deformation in the casing 60. Determining whether the wellbore 12 is likely to induce deformation of the casing may further include the use of the calculated stress imposed on the casing 60 and the effect of the combined loads imposed on the cement sheath 65. Based on the effect of the combined loads imposed on the cement sheath, a loss of integrity of the cement sheath due to rupture by traction, radial, shear and / or separation during hydraulic fracturing can be determined. This determination of the loss of integrity of the cement sheath can be carried out using 3-D digital simulation software.
It can be determined, based on recorded microseismic activity, whether a geological area in the formation within a second threshold distance Y2 of the wellbore 12 is subject to formation relaxation. The second threshold distance can be greater than or equal to the first threshold distance Yi. In response to a determination that the threshold degree of microseismic activity does not occur within the first threshold distance from the wellbore 12, it is determined that the geological area within the second threshold distance from the wellbore 12n 'is not likely to induce the deformation of a casing after hydraulic fracturing.
On the contrary, in response to a determination that the threshold degree of microseismic activity occurs within the first threshold distance from the wellbore 12, it is determined that the geological area within the second threshold distance from the wellbore 12 is likely to induce deformation of a casing after hydraulic fracturing. Based on a determination that geological formation within the second threshold distance from wellbore 12 is subject to formation relaxation, the probability of tubing deformation in a second wellbore to be drilled within the second threshold distance from the wellbore 12 can be reduced by modifying the drilling plan for the second wellbore. modifying the drilling plan for one or more wells to be drilled within the second threshold distance.
In some embodiments, the deformation of a casing can be mitigated by determining that a geological area in a formation within a threshold distance of the cased wellbore 12 is subject to formation relaxation and by modifying a drilling plan for one or more wells to be drilled within the threshold distance from the wellbore. Several alternative drilling plans can be implemented to reduce the deformation of a casing. In one example, the drill plan for the second wellbore can be changed by changing the planned direction of the second wellbore to be drilled. In this example, it can be determined that the planned direction of the second wellbore to be drilled has a higher probability of training relaxation than a second direction. By changing the direction of the second wellbore, the probability of tubing deformation can be reduced. It will be understood that in one or more embodiments, insofar as a second threshold distance is determined on the basis of the first threshold distance, the second wellbore can be drilled so as to be outside the second threshold distance or further from the first wellbore than the second threshold distance.
In some embodiments, the drilling plan for the second wellbore can be changed by changing the shape of the second wellbore to be drilled. In this example, it can be determined that the planned shape of the second wellbore to be drilled drilling has a higher probability of training relaxation than a second form. By changing the shape of the second wellbore, the likelihood of tubing deformation can be reduced.
In some embodiments, the drilling plan for the second wellbore can be changed by changing the dimensions of the second wellbore to be drilled. In this example, it can be determined that the planned dimensions of the second wellbore to be drilled drilling has a higher probability of training relaxation than the second dimensions. The dimensions of the wellbore can be changed, for example by changing the depth of the wellbore or the diameter of the wellbore.
In some embodiments, the drilling plan for the second wellbore can be changed by changing the size of the casing to be used in the second wellbore to be drilled. In this example, it can be determined that the size of the casing the planned second wellbore to be drilled has a higher probability of formation relaxation than a second casing size. The planned casing size can be smaller or larger than the final casing size of the second wellbore to be drilled.
In some embodiments, the drilling plan for the second wellbore can be changed by changing a characteristic of the planned cement used in association with the second wellbore to be drilled. In some embodiments, it can be determined that the planned cement characteristic of the second wellbore to be drilled has a lower elasticity to attenuate a point load on the second casing of the wellbore than a second cement characteristic. In some embodiments, it can be determined that the planned cement characteristic of the second wellbore to be drilled has lower tensile strength than a second cement characteristic. The second characteristic of the cement can be, for example, latex-based or foam-based.
In some embodiments, the drilling plan for the second wellbore can be changed by deflecting direct stresses on a second wellbore casing. For example, the original well plan may include drilling a first opening for a second well of the one or more wells. Deviating direct stresses on the second wellbore casing includes drilling a second opening having a larger or smaller diameter than the first opening for the second wellbore. In addition, deflecting direct stresses may include the use of sub-reamers and cementing the well, thereby increasing the space between the second wellbore and the second wellbore casing.
In some embodiments, the drilling plan for the second wellbore can be modified by providing an energy absorption zone between the formation and the second wellbore casing. An energy absorption zone absorbs an impact and facilitates the distribution of the force of an impact from an impact point or zone to other parts of the second wellbore casing.
In some embodiments, the drilling plan for the second wellbore can be changed by using expandable seals in a second wellbore of the one or more wellbands to minimize the relaxation effect of the formation in the second wellbore. Expandable packings can swell on contact with wellbore fluids. In some embodiments, the drill plan for the second wellbore can be modified using compaction casing joints that contract to absorb the displacement of a formation in a second wellbore.
Figure 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary computer system 300 in which embodiments can be implemented. The computer system 300 can generally comprise the processing and control system 121 of FIG. 1. In this regard, the computer system 300 can be connected to a drilling and production system 10 of a wellbore . System 300 can be a workstation, laptop, server computer, smartphone and / or the like, or any other type of electronic device. Such an electronic device includes various types of computer-readable media and interfaces for various other types of computer-readable media. As can be seen in Figure 3, the system 300 includes a permanent storage device 302, a system memory 304, an output device interface 306, a system communication bus 308, a read only memory (ROM) 310, a or more processing units 312, an input device interface 314, and a network interface 316.
The bus 308 collectively represents all the system, peripheral and chipset buses which connect the internal device numbers of the system 300 in communication. For example, the bus 308 connects the processing unit or units 312 with the ROM 310, the system memory 304 and permanent storage device 302.
From these various memory units, the processing unit or units 312 retrieve instructions to be executed and data to be processed in order to execute the methods of the present disclosure. The processing unit (s) can be a single processor or a multi-core processor in different implementations.
The ROM 310 stores data and instructions which are only necessary for the processing unit (s) 312 and other modules of the system 300. Furthermore, the permanent storage device 302 is a read and write memory device. This device is a non-volatile memory unit that stores instructions and data even when the system 300 is powered down. Some implementations of the present disclosure use a mass storage device (such as a magnetic or optical disc and its corresponding disc drive) as a permanent storage device 302.
Other implementations use a removable storage device (such as a floppy disk, a flash drive, and its corresponding disk drive) as the permanent storage device 302. Like the permanent storage device 302, the system memory 304 is a device read and write memory. However, unlike the storage device 302, the system memory 304 is a volatile memory for reading and writing, like a random access memory. System memory 304 stores some of the instructions and data that the processor needs at run time. In some implementations, the methods of this disclosure are stored in system memory 304, permanent storage device 302 and / or ROM 310.
Bus 308 is also connected to the output device interface 306 and the input device interface 314. The input device interface 314 allows the user to communicate information and send commands to the system 300. The input devices used with the input device interface 314 include, for example, an alphanumeric keyboard, QWERTY or T9, microphones and pointing devices (also called "cursor control devices" "). In one example, a user can modify a drill plan for one or more wells to be drilled using the input device interface 314.
The output device interface 306 allows, for example, the display of images generated by the system 300. The output devices used with the output device interface 306 include, for example, printers and display, such as cathode ray tube (CRT) or liquid crystal (LCD) screens. Some implementations include devices, such as a touch screen, that act as both input and output devices. It will be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented using a computer comprising any of the various types of input and output devices to allow interaction with a user. Such interaction may include feedback to or from the user in various forms of sensory feedback such as, but not limited to, visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback. In addition, user input can be received in any form such as, but not limited to, acoustic, voice, or touch input. In addition, user interaction may include the transmission and reception of various types of information, for example in the form of documents, to or from the user through the interfaces described above.
In addition, as can be seen in FIG. 3, the bus 308 also couples the system 300 to a public or private network (not shown) or to a combination of networks via a network interface 316. Such a network can include, for example, a local area network ("LAN"), such as an intranet, or a wide area network ("WAN"), such as the internet. All or part of the components of the system 300 can be used in conjunction with the present disclosure.
These functions described above can be implemented in a digital electronic circuit, in computer software, firmware or hardware. The techniques can be implemented using one or more computer program products. Programmable processors and computers can be included in mobile devices or packaged as mobile devices. The methods and logic flows can be executed by one or more programmable processors and by one or more programmable logic circuits. Computer and storage devices for general or specific application can be interconnected via communication networks.
Some implementations include electronic components, such as microprocessors, storage, and memory that store computer program instructions on a machine-readable medium or computer (otherwise known as computer-readable storage medium, machine-readable medium, or machine-readable storage medium). Some examples of such computer-readable media include RAM, ROM, read-only compact discs (CD-ROM), recordable compact discs (CD-R), rewritable compact discs (CD-RW), digital discs versatile read-only (for example, DVD-ROM, double-layer DVD-ROM), various recordable / rewritable DVDs (for example, DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, DVD + RW, etc.), flash memory (e.g. SD cards, mini SD cards, micro SD cards, etc.), magnetic and / or solid state hard drives, read-only and recordable Blu-Ray® discs , ultra-density optical discs, any other optical or magnetic media, and floppy disks. The computer-readable medium can store a computer program which is executable by at least one processing unit and which includes sets of instructions for performing various operations. Examples of computer programs or computer codes include machine code, as produced by a compiler, and files including higher level code which are executed by a computer, electronic component, or a microprocessor using an interpreter.
Although the above discussion primarily refers to a microprocessor or multi-core processors that run software, some implementations are performed by one or more integrated circuits, such as Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) or integrated circuits Programmable Pre-Broadcast (FPGA). In some implementations, such integrated circuits execute instructions which are stored on the circuit itself. Consequently, the steps of the method 400 of FIG. 4 and / or of the method 500 of FIG. 5 described below, can be implemented using a system 300 or any computer system having a processing circuit or a computer program product comprising instructions stored thereon which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the processor to perform functions related to these methods.
As used herein and in any one of the claims of this application, the terms "computer", "server", "processor" and "memory" all refer to electronic or other devices technological devices. These terms exclude individuals or groups of individuals. As used in this document, the terms "computer readable media" and "computer readable media" generally refer to tangible, physical, non-transient electronic storage media that store information in a form that can be read. by a computer.
The embodiments of the subject described herein can be implemented in a computer system that includes a background component, such as a data server, or which includes a middleware component, such as an application server, or which includes a front-end component, for example a client computer having a graphical user interface or a web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the subject described herein, or any combination of one or more background, middleware, or front-end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or any communication medium for digital data, for example a communication network. Examples of communication networks include a local area network ("LAN") and a wide area network ("WAN"), an internetwork (for example, the Internet) and peer-to-peer networks (for example, peer networks -to-peer ad hoc).
The computer system can include clients and servers. A client and a server are generally distant from each other and traditionally interact through a communication network. The client-server relationship stems from computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. In some embodiments, a server transmits data to a client device (for example, to display data for and receive user input from a user interacting with the client device). Data generated by the client device (for example, a result of user interaction) can be received from the client device on the server.
FIG. 4 is a process diagram of an exemplary method 400 of identifying geological zones in a formation which are capable of deforming a casing according to one or more embodiments. The 400 method does not represent a limit and can be used in other applications. As can be seen in Figure 4, the method 400 includes steps 402, 404, 406 and 408. For discussion purposes, the method 400 will be described using the computer system 300 of Figure 3, as described above. However, it is not intended that the 400 process will be limited to this.
Step 402 of method 400 includes the implementation of improved hydrocarbon recovery activities within a wellbore. Although this is not intended to represent a limit, in one or more embodiments, the improved activities can be performed under high pressure. One such type of high pressure activity is hydraulic fracturing. Therefore, in some embodiments, hydraulic fracturing is performed along a portion of a cased wellbore. Generally, as will be understood, a process fluid is pumped under high pressure through the wellbore to the perforated portions of the casing, where the high pressure fluid migrates into the formation. The hydraulic fracturing described in this document is not limited to a type, a fluid, a pressure, etc. particular, but generally includes any type of hydraulic fracturing.
In step 404, microseismic activity occurring within a first threshold distance from the wellbore is recorded. Seismic sensors can be used to detect microseismic events when they occur around the wellbore. In this regard, seismic sensors can be deployed in the wellbore during the installation of the casing, so as to be covered with the cement sheath located outside the casing. In addition, seismic sensors can be used to detect seismic activity before hydraulic fracturing to establish a baseline of microseismic activity, during hydraulic fracturing, and after hydraulic fracturing during relaxation of the formation. Data from the sensors can be transmitted to a monitoring and control station 121.
In step 406, the constraints on the casing of the wellbore at one or more locations are established. In one or more embodiments, the constraints on the casing of the wellbore 60 can be established by taking account of the point loads, in particular for the compressive regimes, for example by carrying out a conventional load analysis or an element modeling. three-dimensional (3-D) finishes.
In step 408, it is determined, based on the recorded microseismic activity and the stresses on the casing, whether a geological zone in the formation within a second threshold distance from the wellbore is subject to relaxation forming or sliding shear.
It is understood that additional methods can be inserted before, during or after the steps 402, 404, 406 and 408 mentioned above. It is also understood that one or more of the steps of the method 400 described in this document can be omitted, combined or performed in a different sequence if necessary.
FIG. 5 is a process diagram of an example of process 500 making it possible to attenuate the deformation of a casing according to one or more embodiments. Method 500 is not a limit and can be used in other applications. As can be seen in Figure 5, the method 500 includes steps 502 and 504. For discussion, the method 500 will be described using the computer system 300 of Figure 3, as described above. However, it is not intended that the method 500 is limited to this.
Step 502 of Method 500 includes determining that a geological area in a formation within a threshold distance from a cased wellbore is subject to formation relaxation or shear slip. The determination that a geological area around a wellbore is subject to formation relaxation can be made according to the steps described above with respect to the 400 methods. Whatever the situation, it will be understood from this which precedes that a formation relaxation or a shear slip occurs in zones where microseismic activity is frequent, causing the formation of point stresses on the casing of a wellbore which can lead to the deformation of the casing . In addition, although microseismic activity around a first borehole may be frequent, the determination must be made to know the extent of microseismic activity within the formation and, in particular, whether the activity microseismic is likely to occur at another distance from the wellbore, i.e. a threshold distance where it is planned to drill a second wellbore.
In step 504, a drilling plan for one or more wells to be drilled within the threshold distance from the wellbore is modified. This may include, among other things, changing the proposed path of the wellbore to be drilled, changing the dimensions of the wellbore, changing the proposed diameter of the casing, changing the proposed thickness of the casing, changing the proposed composition of the cement, sheath diameter or cementation plane, or other changes as indicated above. It is understood that additional methods can be inserted before, during or after the steps 502 and 504 mentioned above. It is also understood that one or more of the steps of the method 500 described in this document can be omitted, combined or carried out in a different sequence if necessary.
Figures 6A to 6F are illustrations of hydraulic fracturing at different stages. Figure 6A is an illustration of casing 602, cement sheath 604, and simulated formation 606 at the start of hydraulic fracturing. The pressure inside a tube 608 is high to subject the formation to hydraulic fracturing. The stress profile is a thrust profile by nature with Shmax> Shmin> Sv, Consequently we can expect that the pressures necessary to initiate the fracturing are greater than Sv. The fracturing work can lead to the creation of a predominantly planar fracture of some complexity due to lithology. As the fracture grows, the formation in the stimulated region is overloaded due to the effect of the high pressure. This can cause a reduction in the effective stresses around the wellbore.
FIG. 6B is an illustration of an effect of a high fracturing pressure inside a casing 602. The high fracturing pressure can cause a bloating effect of casing 610 on the casing 602. Both the casing 602 and the cement sheath 604 may be subject to some movement due to this pressure. The pressure inside the casing 602 can exert bursting charges. If the burst strength of tubing 602 is high enough, then failure may not occur at this time.
FIG. 6C is an illustration of a high fracturing pressure causing a rupture of the cement sheath. In the example illustrated in FIG. 6C, the high pressure of fracturing can cause the bloating of the casing 602 and generate a stress in the cement sheath 604. The bloating and the stress can lead to the development of radial and circumferential cracks 612 in the cement sheath 604. The cement sheath 604 can degrade and no longer provide any protection against external loads applied to the casing 602. The techniques of the present disclosure can be used to prevent the deformation of a casing. The high pressure on casing 602 may not be the result of deformation, but it creates damage in and / or near the wellbore that will induce deformation.
Figure 6D is an illustration of a high fracturing pressure resulting in fault activation. In the example illustrated in FIG. 6D, the region close to the wellbore has an overloaded formation due to the fluid lost during the growth of the fractures. The reduction in effective stresses can lead to activation of faults. Faults that are subject to critical stresses or that are close to regions with critical stresses can be the most affected, which leads to the development of a tendency for the weakened plane to slide near the wellbore. Weakening of the plane near the wellbore may not cause deformation, but may result in deformation when pumping is stopped.
FIG. 6E is an illustration of a casing 602, a cement sheath 604 and a simulated formation 606 after the pumping has stopped. Figure 6F is an illustration of a tubing deformation. When pumping is stopped, the tubing deformation process can begin. The stimulated region which is overloaded may start to relax, and the sliding planes formed in the vicinity of the wellbore may lead to the weakening of the wellbore which is liable to collapse. The pressure inside the casing 602 may be hydrostatic at this time and no longer provide any support to prevent collapse. In addition, the cement sheath 604 can deteriorate and no longer provide any support against external loads. When the formation and the reactivated faults begin to relax, the load is applied directly to the casing 602. This load can be a non-uniform load over a length of the casing 602. However, the casing is generally not designed to support such non-uniform loads and may begin to deform. The reason for tubing deformation can be a post-fracturing hydraulic event when the pumps are stopped. This may also be supported by microseismic events observed after the pumps have stopped.
Consequently, a system for identifying geological zones in a formation which are likely to deform a casing has been generally described. The system includes a memory that stores microseismic activity occurring within a first threshold distance from a cased wellbore; and one or more processors in communication with the memory and serving to cause the system to record the microseismic activity occurring within the first threshold distance from the wellbore after the implementation of hydraulic fracturing along a part of the wellbore; establish the constraints on the casing of the wellbore at one or more locations; and determining, based on the recorded microseismic activity and the casing stresses, whether a geological area in the formation within a second threshold distance from the wellbore is subject to formation relaxation or sliding by shear. Likewise, a method of identifying geological zones in a formation which are likely to deform a casing has been described. The method includes implementing hydraulic fracturing along a portion of a cased wellbore; recording microseismic activity occurring within the first threshold distance from the wellbore; establishing constraints on the casing of the wellbore at one or more places; and determining, based on recorded seismic activity and casing stresses, whether a geological area in the formation within a second threshold distance from the wellbore is subject to formation relaxation or to shear sliding.
In addition, a system for mitigating the deformation of a casing has been generally described. The system includes a memory that stores one or more drill plans for one or more wells to be drilled within a threshold distance from a wellbore; and one or more processors in communication with the memory and serving to cause the system to drill a first wellbore in a formation; determining that a geological area in the formation within the threshold distance from the first wellbore is subject to formation relaxation; and modifying a drilling plan for a second wellbore to be drilled within the threshold distance from the wellbore. Likewise, a method for mitigating the deformation of a casing has been described. The method includes determining that a geological area in a formation within a threshold distance from a cased wellbore is subject to formation relaxation; and modifying a drilling plan for one or more wells to be drilled within the threshold distance from the wellbore.
Any of the foregoing embodiments may include any of the following, alone or in combination with each other:
Establishing the initial casing stress conditions; identification of a compressive strength and a tensile strength of the cement placed around the casing; determining, based on the initial stress conditions and the compressive strength and tensile strength of the cement, whether the wellbore is likely to cause deformation of the casing; and in response to a determination that the wellbore is not likely to induce tubing deformation, determining whether a threshold degree of seismic activity occurs within the first threshold distance from the wellbore.
The calculation of a stress imposed on the casing during hydraulic fracturing, the calculated stress comprising a thermal load on the casing; and calculating an effect of one or more loads imposed on a cement sheath around the casing during hydraulic fracturing, where determining whether the wellbore is not likely to induce deformation casing further includes the use of the calculated stress imposed on the casing and the effect of the combined loads imposed on the cement sheath.
The determination, on the basis of the effect of the combined loads imposed on the cement sheath, of a loss of integrity of the cement sheath due to a rupture by traction, radial, by shear or by detachment during '' hydraulic fracturing.
In response to a determination that the threshold degree of microseismic activity occurs within the first threshold distance from the wellbore, the determination that the geological area within the second threshold distance from the wellbore is likely to induce deformation of a casing after hydraulic fracturing; and in response to a determination that the threshold degree of microseismic activity does not occur within the first threshold distance from the wellbore, the determination that the geological area within the second threshold distance from the wellbore is not not likely to induce deformation of a casing after hydraulic fracturing.
Reducing the deformation of a casing from a second wellbore to be constructed in the geological zone of the formation.
Recording a magnitude and location of each microseismic event within a set of microseismic events.
The distribution of the set of microseismic events into categories based on a timeline.
Establishing, on the basis of the distributed set of microseismic events, stress and geological conditions that change within a threshold distance from the wellbore.
The establishment of the constraints on the casing on the basis of a point load by the implementation of a load analysis.
Establishing the constraints on the casing on the basis of a point load by implementing an advanced mode on a three-dimensional finite element (3D) model.
The deployment of microseismic sensors within the training, and the use of microseismic sensors to monitor microseismic activity within the training.
Based on a determination that the geological formation within the second threshold distance from the wellbore is subject to relaxation of formation, the modification of the drilling plan for one or more wells to be drilled within the second threshold distance.
Based on a determination that the geological formation within the second threshold distance from the wellbore is subject to shear sliding, modification of the drilling plan for one or more wells to be drilled within the second threshold distance.
Modifying the drilling plan for one or more drilling wells to be drilled within the second threshold distance by changing the planned direction of a second drilling well to be changed, changing the shape of a second drilling well drilling to be drilled, changing the dimensions of a second drilling well to be drilled, changing the size of the casing to be used in the second drilling well to be drilled, or changing a characteristic of the cement used in association with the second wellbore to be drilled.
Before performing hydraulic fracturing in a first wellbore, the deployment of microseismic sensors in the first wellbore, where the second wellbore to be drilled within the second threshold distance.
The measurement of a first set of microseismic events before performing hydraulic fracturing; and measuring a second set of microseismic events after the start of hydraulic fracturing.
Any embodiment may include drilling a second wellbore in a formation adjacent to the first wellbore; and deploying microseismic sensors in the second wellbore before subjecting the first wellbore to hydraulic fracturing.
Determining that a planned direction of the second wellbore to be drilled has a higher probability of undergoing formation relaxation than a second direction, modifying the drilling plan including changing the planned direction of the second wellbore to the second direction.
Determining that a planned shape of the second wellbore to be drilled has a higher probability of undergoing formation relaxation than a second form, modifying the drilling plan including changing the shape of the second wellbore to the second form.
Determining that a wellbore having a first planned set of dimensions has a greater probability of undergoing formation relaxation than a second set of dimensions, the modification of the drilling plan including changing the first planned set of dimensions of the second wellbore for the second set of dimensions.
Determining that a wellbore having a first planned set of dimensions has a greater probability of experiencing shear sliding than a second set of dimensions, the modification of the drilling plan including changing the first planned set of dimensions of the second wellbore for the second set of dimensions.
Determining that a second wellbore having a first planned casing size has a higher probability of undergoing relaxation of formation than a second casing size, modifying the drilling plan including changing the planned casing size to be used in the second wellbore for the second casing size.
Determining that a second wellbore having a first planned casing size is more likely to experience shear sliding than a second casing size, modifying the drilling plan including changing the planned casing size to be used in the second wellbore for the second casing size.
The modification of a planned characteristic of the cement for one or more boreholes to be drilled within the threshold distance from the wellbore.
The determination that the planned characteristic of the cement of the second wellbore to be drilled has a lower elasticity to attenuate a point load on the casing of the second wellbore than a second characteristic of the cement, the modification of the planned characteristic of the cement comprising changing the planned characteristic of the cement from the second wellbore to the second characteristic of the cement.
The second characteristic of cement being latex-based.
The second characteristic of cement being foam-based.
The determination that the planned characteristic of the cement of the second wellbore to be drilled has less tensile strength than a second characteristic of the cement, the modification of the planned characteristic of the cement including the change of the planned characteristic of the cement of the second well drilling for the second characteristic of cement.
The determination that the geological area is subject to formation relaxation by determining, based on microseismic activity recorded within the first threshold distance from the wellbore and constraints on the casing of the wellbore, that the area geological is subject to a relaxation of formation.
Determination that the geological area is subject to shear sliding by determining, based on microseismic activity recorded within the first threshold distance from the wellbore and constraints on the casing of the wellbore, that the area geological is subject to a relaxation of formation.
The modification of the drilling plan by deviating the direct constraints on a second casing of the wellbore.
A drilling plan which includes drilling a first opening for a second wellbore of the one or more wells, the direct stress deviation on the second wellbore casing comprising drilling a second opening having a larger diameter than the first opening for the second wellbore.
Deviating direct stresses using sub-reamers and cementing the well to thereby increase space between the second wellbore and the second wellbore casing.
Modifying the drilling plan by providing an energy absorption zone between the formation and the second wellbore casing.
Modifying the drilling plan using expandable seals in a second wellbore of the one or more wells to minimize the relaxation effect of the formation in the second wellbore.
The modification of the drilling plan using compaction casing joints that contract to absorb the displacement of the formation in a second wellbore of the one or more wells.
It is understood that any specific order or hierarchy of steps in the disclosed processes is an illustration of examples of approaches. Based on the design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes can be rearranged, or that all of the illustrated steps can be implemented. Certain steps can be carried out simultaneously. For example, in certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. In addition, it should be understood that the separation of the various components of the systems in the embodiments described above is not necessary in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the program components and the systems described can generally be integrated together into a single software product or packaged into multiple software products.

权利要求:
Claims (15)
[1" id="c-fr-0001]
Claims
1. Method for identifying geological zones in a formation which are likely to deform a casing, comprising:
the implementation of hydraulic fracturing along part of a cased wellbore;
recording microseismic activity occurring within a first threshold distance from the wellbore;
establishing constraints on the casing of the wellbore at one or more places; and determining, based on recorded seismic activity and casing stresses, whether a geological area in the formation within a second threshold distance from the wellbore is subject to formation relaxation or to shear sliding.
[2" id="c-fr-0002]
2. Method according to claim 1, further comprising: establishing the initial conditions of casing stress;
identification of a compressive strength and a tensile strength of the cement placed around the casing;
determining, based on the initial stress conditions and the compressive strength and tensile strength of the cement, whether the wellbore is likely to cause deformation of the casing; and in response to a determination that the wellbore is not likely to induce tubing deformation, determining whether a threshold degree of seismic activity occurs within the first threshold distance from the wellbore.
[3" id="c-fr-0003]
3. Method according to claim 2, further comprising:
the calculation of a stress imposed on the casing during hydraulic fracturing, the calculated stress comprising a thermal load on the casing; and calculating an effect of one or more loads imposed on a cement sheath around the casing during hydraulic fracturing, wherein determining whether the wellbore is likely to cause deformation of the casing further includes the use of the calculated stress imposed on the casing and the effect of the combined loads imposed on the cement sheath.
[4" id="c-fr-0004]
4.
The method of claim 3, further comprising:
the determination, on the basis of the effect of the combined loads imposed on the cement sheath, of a loss of integrity of the cement sheath due to a rupture by traction, radial, by shear or by detachment during '' hydraulic fracturing.
[5" id="c-fr-0005]
5. Method according to claim 2, further comprising:
in response to a determination that the threshold degree of microseismic activity occurs within the first threshold distance from the wellbore, the determination that the geological area within the second threshold distance from the wellbore is likely to induce deformation of a casing after hydraulic fracturing; and in response to a determination that the threshold degree of microseismic activity does not occur within the first threshold distance from the wellbore, the determination that the geological area within the second threshold distance from the wellbore is not not likely to induce deformation of a casing after hydraulic fracturing.
[6" id="c-fr-0006]
6. Method according to claim 5, further comprising:
reducing the deformation of a casing from a second wellbore to be constructed in the geological area of the formation.
[7" id="c-fr-0007]
7. The method of claim 1, wherein recording comprises recording a magnitude and a location of each microseismic event within a set of microseismic events.
[8" id="c-fr-0008]
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
the distribution of the set of microseismic events into categories based on a timeline.
[9" id="c-fr-0009]
9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
the establishment, on the basis of the distributed set of microseismic events, of the stress and geological conditions which change within a threshold distance from the wellbore.
[10" id="c-fr-0010]
10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
based on a determination that the geological formation within the second threshold distance from the wellbore is subject to formation relaxation or shear sliding, modification of the drilling plan for one or more wells to drill within the second threshold distance.
[11" id="c-fr-0011]
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the modification is selected from the group consisting of changing the planned direction of a second wellbore to be drilled, changing the shape of a second wellbore to be drilled, the changing the dimensions of a second wellbore to be drilled, changing the size of the casing to be used in the second wellbore to be drilled, and changing a characteristic of the cement used in association with the second wellbore to be drilled drill.
[12" id="c-fr-0012]
12. System for identifying geological zones in a formation which are likely to deform a casing, comprising:
a memory which stores the microseismic activity occurring within a first threshold distance from a cased wellbore; and one or more processors in communication with the memory and serving to bring the system to:
record microseismic activity occurring within the first threshold distance from the wellbore after hydraulic fracturing has been carried out along a portion of the wellbore;
establish the constraints on the casing of the wellbore at one or more locations; and determine, based on the recorded microseismic activity and the stresses on the casing, whether a geological area in the formation within a second threshold distance from the wellbore is subject to deformation relaxation or sliding by shear.
[13" id="c-fr-0013]
13. The system as claimed in claim 12, in which the one or more processors also serve to bring the system to:
establish initial conditions of casing stress;
identify a compressive strength and a tensile strength of the cement placed around the casing;
determining, based on the initial stress conditions and the compressive strength and tensile strength of the cement, whether the wellbore is likely to induce deformation of the casing; and in response to a determination that the wellbore is not likely to induce casing deformation or shear slip, determine whether a threshold degree of microseismic activity occurs within the first threshold distance from the wellbore. drilling.
[14" id="c-fr-0014]
14. The system as claimed in claim 13, in which the one or more processors also serve to bring the system to:
calculate a stress imposed on the casing during hydraulic fracturing, the calculated stress comprising a thermal load on the casing; and calculating an effect of one or more loads imposed on a cement sheath around the casing during hydraulic fracturing, wherein determining whether the wellbore is likely to induce deformation of the casing further the use of the calculated stress imposed on the casing and the effect of the combined loads imposed on the cement sheath.
[15" id="c-fr-0015]
15. The system as claimed in claim 14, in which the one or more processors also serve to bring the system to:
determine, on the basis of the effect of the combined loads imposed on the cement sheath, a loss of integrity of the cement sheath due to a rupture by traction, radial, shear or detachment during fracturing hydraulic.
1/1
- * "/ Λ.
2/11 '.............-.....
-AT
69 102 ⁶⁵ '
3/11
300
V
304
306
Input device interface
314
316

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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NO20181430A1|2018-11-07|

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GB201818204D0|2018-12-26|

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AU2016413647A1|2018-11-29|

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GB2585622A|2021-01-20|

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WO2018009216A1|2018-01-11|

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US20200325759A1|2020-10-15|

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CA3023453A1|2018-01-11|

引用文献:

---

公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题

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WO2014055931A1|2012-10-05|2014-04-10|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.|Analyzing microseismic data from a fracture treatment|

---

US8210257B2|2010-03-01|2012-07-03|Halliburton Energy Services Inc.|Fracturing a stress-altered subterranean formation|

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US9157318B2|2011-01-04|2015-10-13|Schlumberger Technology Corporation|Determining differential stress based on formation curvature and mechanical units using borehole logs|

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US8967262B2|2011-09-14|2015-03-03|Baker Hughes Incorporated|Method for determining fracture spacing and well fracturing using the method|

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US9064066B2|2011-10-28|2015-06-23|Landmark Graphics Corporation|Methods and systems for well planning based on a complex fracture model|

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CA2891581C|2013-01-03|2019-11-26|Landmark Graphics Corporation|System and method for predicting and visualizing drilling events|SG11202006095SA|2018-03-23|2020-07-29|Halliburton Energy Services Inc|Remote control flow path system for gravel packing|

---

US11180982B2|2020-04-21|2021-11-23|Saudi Arabian Oil Company|Systems and methods to safeguard well integrity from hydraulic fracturing|

---

CN111980697B|2020-09-23|2021-02-19|西南石油大学|Method for calculating well casing variable of hydraulic fracturing horizontal well in natural fractured shale stratum|

法律状态:
2018-07-18| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |

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2019-07-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |

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2020-04-24| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20200424 |

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2021-05-07| RX| Complete rejection|Effective date: 20210330 |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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PCT/US2016/041535|WO2018009216A1|2016-07-08|2016-07-08|Geological settings prone to casing deformation post hydraulic fracture injection|

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IBWOUS2016041535|2016-07-08|

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